KUP 54: Have knowledge of action to be taken in the event of fire, including fires involving oil systems

Learning objective:
1. Understand immediate actions for fire detection, including raising alarms and initiating a response.
2. Learn specific methods for extinguishing oil system fires, using appropriate equipment and extinguishing agents.
3. Know crew roles in fire containment, evacuation, and communication. Be familiar with safety measures to prevent fire spread and minimize damage.

Content

1. Introduction

This learning content is designed to equip maritime professionals with the essential knowledge and skills to effectively respond to fire emergencies, particularly those involving oil systems. By understanding the immediate actions required for fire detection, using the right extinguishing methods, and coordinating crew efforts in containment and safety, individuals can significantly reduce the risks posed by onboard fires. The focus is on practical application, ensuring that crew members are prepared to act swiftly and decisively to protect lives, minimize damage, and prevent the spread of fires.

2. Immediate Actions for Fire Detection:

Fire Detection and Alarm

Fire detection systems must be used to detect the fire in the earliest way. While designing the system to be used, the size of the ship, intended use, population density, materials contained in it, etc. many parameters should be considered. For example: When designing a fire detection system to be used on a densely populated passenger ship, an evacuation plan must be created.

Two types of fire detection systems, addressable and conventional, can be used on ships. Addressable systems are often used on large, high-populated ships, where fire should be perceived as points. In small applications, conventional systems with regional sensing are preferred.

The choice of detector to be used in the area is also very important. Heat detectors should be used in places where steam is dense, such as kitchens and engine rooms. Crew and passenger rooms, control room etc. In places, smoke detectors will be suitable. In addition, fire detection buttons must be available in corridors and escape routes [1].

Initial Response

As soon as a fire is detected, several actions should be taken to ensure the safety of the vessel and the personnel [2].

• General alarm should be sounded
• Bridge team should be informed
• Fire party should muster
• The fire should be isolated, by closing ventilation system, skylights, doors, boundary cooling, etc
• Before entering the fire space, crew should wear the appropriate PPE and use the proper fire extinguishing system, regarding the type of fire
• Interested parties should be notified

3. Uses and Applications of Fire Extinguishers

The CO₂ and Dry Powder extinguishers are crucial in suppressing flammable liquid and electrical fires common in engine rooms. The regular maintenance and accessibility of extinguishers in these areas are essential.

Meanwhile, Water Mist and Foam extinguishers suit Class A fires in living quarters, public spaces, or accommodation areas. Don’t forget to observe clear evacuation routes and conduct routine fire drills to help ensure the safety of passengers.

Lastly, Wet Chemical extinguishers are indispensable in combating fires involving cooking oils and fats. It’s also crucial for the crew members to be trained in adequately using these specialized extinguishers.

4. Proper Placement and Maintenance of Fire Extinguishers on Ships

Ensuring the effectiveness of fire extinguishers on ships involves proper placement and regular maintenance. Fire extinguishers should be strategically located in accessible areas, with clear signage indicating their presence. Regular inspections and maintenance checks are essential to confirm that the extinguishers are in working order, and crew members should be trained in their proper use.

5. Best Practices for Firefighting at Sea [3]

As far as sea vessels are concerned, it is and will never be enough to have different fire extinguisher types handy. It’s also equally or even more important to learn and master several firefighting practices.

Here are a few tips to remember to ensure timely emergency response during maritime firefighting scenarios.

1). Observe and maintain proper and clear communication.

Before anything else, it’s a must to establish clear communication channels during emergencies. The crew should also get regular updates regarding fire safety procedures and potential hazards.

2). Conduct crew training.

Be sure to train crew members to use each type of fire extinguisher properly. See to it that the crew is also familiar with the location of extinguishers and emergency exits.

3). Practice proper evacuation procedures.

Ensure that all crew members and passengers are already familiar with evacuation routes. Conduct regular evacuation drills to enhance preparedness.

4). Prepare an emergency response plan.

It’s also critical to develop and practice a comprehensive emergency response plan. It might be best to assign specific roles to crew members to ensure an organized and efficient response.

5). Make regular inspections a regular habit.

Conducting routine inspections of fire extinguishers will ensure they are in good working condition. This is also the perfect time to verify that pressure gauges are within the recommended range.

6. How to avoid engine room fires [4]

• Ensure that the insulation covering heated surfaces is always in good condition.
• Use thermal imaging at regular intervals to spot and identify inadequate insulation and hot surfaces.
• Routinely check and inspect pipe work and screening arrangements for deterioration.
• Any leakage found should be investigated and dealt with immediately.
• No woodwork, combustible material or flammable compounds should be stored in machinery spaces.
• Ensure by regular testing that passive safety devices such as fire dampers and quick closing valves are in good condition and fully operational.
• Make sure the engine alarm system is fully functional. Always investigate alarms thoroughly and take prompt action before clearing the alarm status.
• Get to know your fixed fire fighting system. Have the system serviced at regular intervals by a manufacturer’s specialist and make sure that release instructions are clear and correct.
• Focus your fire drills in machinery spaces. Training is the key to a successful response.
• The response time is crucial to the outcome. Respond immediately as soon as you detect a fire.

Recommendation

References

1. MDM Publishing. 10/07/2023. “Usage of Fire Detection System on Ships”. https://ifpmag.com/usage-of-fire-detection-system-on-ships/
2. “Emergency Procedures: Fire onboard”. https://safety4sea.com/cm-emergency-procedures-fire-onboard/
3. Primo Nautic. “Fighting Fire at Sea: Types of Fire Extinguishers on Ships Explained”. https://primonautic.com/blog/fire-extinguishers-ships-types-explained/
4. Peter Stålberg. “Dealing with engine room fires”. https://www.swedishclub.com/uploads/2023/12/EngineRoomFires_TSC.pdf